Prevalencia de trauma dentoalveolar en la parroquia urbana Hermano Miguel / Prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma in the Hermano Miguel urban church

Resumen Introducción: Los traumatismos dentoalveolares (TDA) son eventos que ocurren frecuentemente, llegando a comprometer órganos dentarios, sus tejidos de soporte, los maxilares y los tejidos blandos de la cara. Las estadísticas revelan cifras significativas en cuanto a la incidencia y prevalencia de estos accidentes, por lo que son considerados como un problema de salud pública global. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trauma dentoalveolar (TDA) en la parroquia urbana Hermano Miguel del cantón Cuenca- Ecuador en el año 2019. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación forma parte del proyecto "Macro estudio epidemiológico del trauma dentoalveolar en niños, adolescentes y adultos, del Cantón Cuenca, 2019" de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. El diseño de investigación fue descriptivo/analítico y retrospectivo. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos, obteniendo información de 320 personas en 78 viviendas de entre 2 y 11 habitantes (M=4; DE=2) en 11 cuadras escogidas de forma aleatoria. Resultados: La prevalencia de trauma en la muestra fue del 8.1% (n=26); en el 28.2% (n=22) de viviendas visitadas se registraron una (23.1%) o dos (5.1%) personas con golpes en los dientes. Conclusión: El traumatismo dentoalveolar, por la frecuencia con que se presenta, se considera una urgencia odontológica de suma importancia para mantener en boca la pieza dentaria afectada y los tejidos involucrados; se considera que la arcada superior recibe más traumatismos y las causas más frecuentes suelen ser las caídas.

Abstract Introduction: Dentoalveolar trauma (DTA) are events that occur frequently, compromising dental organs, their supporting tissues, the jaws and the soft tissues of the face. Statistics reveal significant figures regarding the incidence and prevalence of these accidents, which is why they are considered a global public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Dentoalveolar Trauma (TDA) in the urban parish of Hermano Miguel in the canton of Cuenca- Ecuador in 2019. Materials and Methods: The research is part of the "Macro epidemiological study of dentoalveolar trauma in children, adolescents and adults in Cuenca Canton, 2019" of the Catholic University of Cuenca. The research design is descriptive/analytical and retrospective. A questionnaire validated by experts was used, obtaining information from 320 people in 78 dwellings of between 2 and 11 inhabitants (M=4; SD=2) from 11 randomly selected blocks. Results: The prevalence of trauma in the sample was 8.1% (n=26); in 28.2% (n=22) of the dwellings visited, one (23.1%) or two (5.1%) persons were recorded with blows to the teeth. Conclusion: Dentoalveolar trauma, due to the frequency with which it occurs, is considered a dental emergency of utmost importance to keep the affected tooth and the tissues involved in the mouth; it is considered that the upper arch received more trauma and the most frequent causes were falls.

Nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en entrenadores deportivos / Level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in sport trainers

Introducción: La práctica deportiva conlleva un alto riesgo de traumatismos dentoalveolares, por lo que es necesario que los entrenadores y deportistas conozcan sobre el uso adecuado de los protectores bucales y el procedimiento de urgencia ante la aparición de un trauma dental. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en entrenadores deportivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el mes de febrero de 2020, en la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar Provincial Lino Salabarría Pupo de Sancti Spíritus. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra probabilística, representativa y aleatoria de 25 entrenadores de los deportes de combate y juego con pelotas, a los cuales se le aplicó una encuesta estructurada sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria. Resultados: Entre los integrantes de la serie, 76 % eran universitarios y 52 % poseían más de 10 años de experiencia profesional. Asimismo, se obtuvo que 88 % recomendaran el uso del protector bucal a sus deportistas, pero la mayoría desconocía sus características, funciones y tipos, así como la conducta a seguir ante la ocurrencia de una avulsión dentaria. Conclusiones: El nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en los entrenadores deportivos fue deficiente, lo que demostró que es necesaria la educación en dicho tema. De hecho, los estomatólogos tienen la tarea de realizar campañas para incentivar y educar en el uso de los protectores bucales y en el procedimiento correcto de urgencia si ocurriera un trauma dentoalveolar.

Introduction: The sport practice bears a high risk of dentoalveolar trauma, reason why it is necessary that trainers and sportsmen know on the appropriate use of oral protectors and the emergency procedure in view of the emergence of a dental trauma. Objective: To determine the level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in sport trainers. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during February, 2020, in the Lino Salabarría Pupo Provincial Initiation Sport School in Sancti Spíritus. A probabilistic, representative and random sample of 25 trainers from combat sports and ball games was selected, to whom an structured survey on oral protectors and dental avulsion was applied. Results: Among the members of the series, 76 % were university students and 52 % had more than 10 years of professional experience. Also, it was obtained that 88 % recommended the use of the oral protector to their sportsmen, but most of them ignored its characteristics, functions and types, as well as the way to behave considering the occurrence of a dental avulsion. Conclusions: The level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in the sport trainers was poor, what demonstrated that the education on this topic is necessary. In fact, dentists have the task of carrying out campaigns to motivate and educate in the use of oral protectors and in the correct emergency procedure in case a dentoalveolar trauma happened.

Atitudes imediatas dos praticantes de artes marciais frente à avulsão dentária / Immediate attitudes of martial arts practitioners against dental avulsion

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos praticantes de artes marciais da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, sobre avulsão dentária e como proceder mediante aos cuidados imediatos frente à ocorrência de avulsão dentária.Métodos: Um estudo transversal de carácter exploratório foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 60 praticantes de artes marciais. As informações sobre avulsão dentária, experiências e condutas emergenciais frente a avulsão dentária e uso de protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção foram coletadas através de um questionário autoaplicado. As análises dos dados envolveram estatísticas descritivas de frequência absoluta e relativa de todas as variáveis do estudo. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 26,88 anos (DP ± 5,06), sendo 73,3% (n = 44) pertencentes ao sexo masculino. Do total de praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados, 48% praticavam Muay Thai e 18% Taekwondo. O estudo mostrou que apesar de 61,7% do total de entrevistados terem relatado saber o que era traumatismo dentário e 23,3% destes terem presenciado algum tipo de trauma dentário, 85,0% relataram não saber como proceder mediante os casos de avulsão. Entretanto, 95,0% consideraram esta informação como necessária para a prática de esportes. A maioria dos indivíduos praticantes de artes marciais (63,3%) relatou utilizar protetores bucais. Conclusão: A maioria dos praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados relatou saber o que o era traumatismo dentário, mas desconheciam como proceder diante dos casos de avulsão. A maioria dos entrevistados reconhecem a importância e afirmaram utilizar protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção individual durante as práticas desportivas. (AU)

Aim:The present study sought to evaluate the level of knowledge of martial arts practitioners in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, against dental avulsion and how to proceed through immediate care in the event of dental avulsion. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 60 martial arts practitioners. Information on dental avulsion, experiences, and emergency behaviors against dental avulsion, as well as the use of mouth guards and protective equipment, were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative frequency of all variables in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.88 years (SD ± 5.06), of which 73.3% (n = 44) were males. Of the total number of martial arts practitioners, 48% practiced Muay Thai and 18% Taekwondo. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents said they had knowledge about what dental trauma was, although only 23.3% had witnessed some type of dental trauma. In addition, 85.0% have never received guidance on how to proceed in cases of avulsion, but 95.0% consider this information to be necessary for the practice of sports. The majority of the individuals who practice martial arts (63.3%) use mouth guards. Conclusion: It was concluded that most of the martial arts practitioners interviewed in the present study do not have knowledge about dental avulsion and about the necessary immediate procedures in the event of dental avulsion. However, most of participants use mouth guards, wear personal protective equipment, and recognize the importance of these during sports practices. (AU)

A 12-Year Retrospective Study of Avulsion Cases in a Public Brazilian Dental Trauma Service

Abstract This study assessed the epidemiological characteristics and management of the permanent teeth avulsion cases attended in a Brazilian dental trauma service from December 2005 to August 2016. A retrospective study was conducted of case records of 93 patients involving 139 avulsed teeth. Data included sex, age, trauma etiology, location of the accident, number and position of avulsed teeth, and presence and type of associated traumatic lesions. Management of the avulsed teeth was addressed as: time elapsed until teeth were retrieved from the accident's location; teeth's cleaning method and storage media; time elapsed until seeking treatment and replantation. The majority of the patients were children from 6-10 (31.2%) and 11-15 years old (26.9%). Male patients were more affected than female. Bicycle accident was the main etiological factor (31.2%). In 56 (60.2%) cases, traumatic lesions to neighboring teeth were present. In 55 (59.1%) cases, lesions to adjacent soft tissues were reported. In 82 (88.2%) cases, patients requested treatment at the same day of the accident. Sixty-four teeth (46.0%) were immediately retrieved and 28 (20.1%) were not found. Forty-two teeth (30.2%) were kept dry. Only one tooth (0.7%) was immediately replanted at the accident's site, while 51 teeth (36.7%) were not replanted. Numerous avulsed teeth were inappropriately managed and immediate replantation was not frequent. Public policies must be created to raise awareness towards the particularities of avulsion cases.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou as características epidemiológicas e de manejo dos casos de avulsão de dentes permanentes atendidos em um serviço de trauma dental de dezembro de 2005 a agosto de 2016. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 93 casos, envolvendo 139 dentes avulsionados. Os dados incluíram sexo, idade, etiologia do trauma, localização do acidente, número e posição dos dentes avulsionados e presença e tipo de lesões traumáticas associadas. O manejo dos dentes foi abordado de modo a analisar: o tempo decorrido até que os dentes fossem recuperados do local do acidente; Método de limpeza dos dentes e meios de armazenamento; Tempo decorrido até a busca por tratamento e reimplante dental. A maioria dos pacientes eram crianças de 6-10 (31,2%) e 11-15 anos (26,9%). Os pacientes do sexo masculino foram mais acometidos que do feminino. O acidente de bicicleta foi o principal fator etiológico (31,2%). Em 56 (60,2%) casos, ocorreram lesões traumáticas aos dentes vizinhos. Em 55 (59,1%) casos foram relatadas lesões de tecidos moles. Em 82 (88,2%) casos, os pacientes solicitaram tratamento no mesmo dia do acidente. Sessenta e quatro dentes (46,0%) foram imediatamente recuperados e 28 (20,1%) não foram encontrados. Quarenta e dois dentes (30,2%) foram mantidos secos. Apenas um dente (0,7%) foi imediatamente reimplantado no local do acidente, enquanto 51 dentes (36,7%) não foram reimplantados. Numerosos dentes avulsionados foram manejados de forma inadequada e o reimplante imediato não foi frequente. Devem ser criadas políticas públicas para a conscientização da população sobre as particularidades dos casos de avulsão dental.

Estudo retrospectivo de 92 dentes decíduos avulsionados em 69 crianças atendidas em um serviço de urgência odontológica / A retrospective study of 92 avulsed primary teeth in 69 children assisted at a dental urgency service

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos da avulsão de dentes decíduos. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 69 pacientes (92 dentes avulsionados) atendidos no Serviço de Urgência Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, entre os anos de 1998 e 2005. As seguintes informações foram retiradas dos registros odontológicos de cada paciente: gênero, idade, fator etiológico, distribuição sazonal, grupo dentário, número de dentes avulsionados e tipo de tratamento. O tratamento estatístico analisou os dados frente à distribuição de frequência e qui-quadrado. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Observou-se elevada ocorrência de avulsões em meninos (52.17%) com 4 anos de idade (31.88%). Os principais fatores etiológicos foram quedas (82.61%) e acidentes de trânsito (5.80%). A maioria dos episódios de avulsão ocorreu durante os dias da semana (82.61%). A distribuição sazonal evidenciou elevado número de traumatismos nos períodos de março a junho (outono; n=28; 40.58%) e setembro a dezembro (primavera; n=18; 26.09%). O dente mais comumente afetado foi o incisivo central superior (68.48%), seguido pelo incisivo lateral superior (22.83%). As modalidades terapêuticas mais comumente realizadas foram exame clínico e anamnese (64 dentes; 69.57%) e mantenedor de espaço (18 dentes; 19.58%). Verificou-se elevado número de avulsões dentárias em meninos, com idade inferior a 4 anos e decorrentes de quedas...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects associated with avulsion of primary teeth. The sample consisted of 92 avulsed teeth of 69 patients seen at the dental urgency service of the Dental School of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, from 1998 to 2005. The data obtained from the records included children's gender and age, causes of tooth avulsion, daily and monthly distribution, type and number of avulsed teeth and the treatment procedures. Frequency distribution and the chi-square test were calculated. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses. The highest incidence was found among boys (52.17%) aged 4 years (31.88%). The main etiologic factors were falls (82.61%) and traffic accidents (5.80%). Most cases occurred during weekdays (82.61%), from March to June (autumn; n=28; 40.58%) and from September to December (spring; n=18; 26.09%). Most avulsed teeth were maxillary central incisors (68.48%), followed by maxillary lateral incisors (22.83%). The most frequent treatments were analysis of clinical history and clinical exam (64 teeth; 69.57%) and space maintainer (18 teeth; 19.57%). The epidemiological and clinical aspects of tooth avulsion in this study were similar to those reported in other studies. There was a high number of avulsed primary teeth in boys aged less than 4 years and caused by falls...

Prevalencia de las lesiones traumáticas que afectan a los tejidos de sostén en piezas dentarias permanentes de pacientes escolares / Prevalence of tooth-supporting structure traumatic injuries in permanent teeth of schoolchildren

Los traumatismos osteoperiodontales son lesiones que involucran tanto los tejidos dentarios como los tejidos de sostén. Constituyen una de las causas más frecuentes en la consulta de urgencia de niños y adolescentes. Las lesiones de los tejidos de sostén se dan en gran porcentaje y son: la concusión, subluxación, luxación lateral, extgrusión, intrusión y avulsión dentaria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la prevalencia de las lesiones traumáticas de los tejidos de sostén en piezas dentarias permanentes. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 200 pacientes de 7 a 15 años de edad con 242 traumatismos. Los casos clínicos fueron tratados bajo protocolos estandarizados y luego registrados estadísticamente. Resultados y discusión: de un total de 200 pacientes, el 69 por ciento eran masculinos y el 31 por ciento femeninos. Respecto a la edad el 64 por ciento de los traumatismos se presentaron en pacientes de 7 a 10 años y el 36 por ciento de 11 a 15 años de edad. De las 242 lesiones traumáticas estudiadas, el 51 por ciento se produjeron por accidentes en la escuela, 43 por ciento como consecuencia de la práctica de diversos deportes y un 6 por ciento correspondió a otras causas. De los 242 casos clínicos, se reconoció que el 28 por ciento corresponden a concusiones y subluxaciones. El 17 por ciento del total fueron luxaciones laterales de las cuales el 11 por ciento presentaron abombamiento de tabla y el 6 por ciento fractura de tabla. El 20 por ciento concernieron a luxaciones extrusivas y el 9 por ciento fueron luxaciones intrusivas. Por último, las avusiones dentales se prsentaron en un 30 por ciento, de éstas el 9 por ciento con ligamento periodontal vital y el 21 por ciento con ligamento periodontal no vital. Conclusiones. Los traumatismos osteoperiodontales son lesiones cada vez más frecuentes en pacientes escolares. Representan la segunda causa de pérdida de estas piezas luego de la caries dental. Es fundamental hacer hincapie en la prevención.

Prevalencia de traumatismos dentoalveolares en pacientes infantiles del complejo asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río / Prevalence of dental trauma of infants attended at Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital

En el presente estudio descriptivo de incidencia, 604 niños menores de 15 años fueron examinados y atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría del Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Río, con diagnóstico de Traumatismo Dentoalveolar (TDA), desde Enero a Diciembre del 2010. El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar los TDA de acuerdo a la clasificación de Andreasen y Andreasen, determinar su frecuencia y distribución estacional, tipo y número de dientes afectados, distribución de género y edad, lugar de ocurrencia y causa. Para ambas denticiones, en conjunto, más de dos dientes comprometidos presentaron una frecuencia de 58.77 por ciento. Los análisis se dividieron por dentición y hubo 636 dientes definitivos y 414 temporales. En dentición definitiva se observó una mayor frecuencia en Mayo (15.36 por ciento), Abril (13.02 por ciento) y Noviembre (13.02 por ciento). Las fracturas coronarias no complicadas son las más frecuentes (40.88 por ciento) y los dientes más afectados fueron los incisivos centrales maxilares (77.66 por ciento). Los niños sufren más TDA que las niñas (64.97 por ciento). La mayor frecuencia de TDA para ambos géneros es a los 8 años. La principal causa fue caídas en el colegio (46.87 por ciento). En dentición temporal se observó mayor cantidad de casos en primavera-verano (53.74 por ciento). Siendo más frecuente en los meses Noviembre y Febrero (30.84 por ciento). Subluxación fue el diagnostico más frecuentes con un 39.61 por ciento. Los dientes más afectados fueron los incisivos centrales maxilares en un 82.13 por ciento. El género masculino fue el más afectado (62.56 por ciento). La edad en que se observó mayor frecuencia de TDA fueron los 2 años. La principal causa fue caídas en la casa (29.07 por ciento).

In this incidence descriptive study 604 infants less than fifteen years of age were examined and attended at the Pedodontic Clinic from Dr. Sótero del Río hospital with a diagnostic of dental trauma between January and December 2010. The purpose of this research protocol was to characterize dental trauma according to the Andreasen and Andreasen classification, and also to determine their frequency, seasonal distribution, type and number of the affected teeth, place of occurrence and trauma´s cause. All diagnostics were divided by dentition, 636 were from permanent and 414 from deciduous dentition. For both dentitions trauma in two teeth and more were in a frequency of 58.77 percent. On permanent dentition a mayor frequency of trauma was observed in May (15.36 percent), April (13.02 percent) and November (13.02 percent). The most frequent trauma was uncomplicated crown fracture (40.88 percent) and the most frequent teeth affected were the upper central incisors (77.66 percent). Boys suffered more trauma than girls (64.97 percent). The highest frequencies of trauma for both genders occurred at eight years of age. The main causes of traumas were: falls at school (46.87 percent). On deciduous dentition a mayor frequency of trauma was observed in spring and summer (53.74 percent) where November and February concentrated the highest rates (30.84 percent). Sub-luxation was the most frequent diagnostic at 39.61 percent. The most frequent teeth affected were also the upper central incisors at 82.13 percent. Boys also suffered more trauma than girls (62.56 percent). The highest frequencies of trauma for both genders occurred at two years of age. The main cause was home falls (29.07 percent).

Knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth among elementary school teachers in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding emergency management of tooth avulsion among elementary schoolteachers in the city of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 338 teachers answered a questionnaire with items on emergency procedures following tooth avulsion. Results: The majority of teachers (89.1%) had received no previous orientation regarding management of dental trauma and 81.4% had not witnessed an accident in which tooth avulsion had occurred. If an avulsed tooth had fallen to the ground, 84.3% of the teachers said they would pick it up, and 67.8% of them stated that they would clean it with water or some other liquid. A total of 33.1% said that they would take the student with the tooth in hand to a dental office. Of the respondents 88.5% would seek professional help immediately; 85.2% stated they would be unable to reimplant the avulsed tooth; and 39.3% would store the tooth in water. Conclusions: A lack of technical information was observed among teachers regarding management of tooth avulsion. Educational campaigns at schools are necessary to modify the behavior of the teachers with regard to management of tooth avulsion. Further studies should be carried out for the assessment of teachers who have participated in educational campaigns to make the treatment of dental trauma a matter of public interest.

Knowledge on tooth avulsion in a population of students enrolled in health science programs in Brazil / Conhecimento sobre avulsão dentária de uma população de estudantes de cursos de saúde do Brasil

Aim: To evaluate the level of knowledge on tooth avulsion among undergraduate students enrolled in Nursing, Physical Education, and Dentistry programs at the Caruaru Association of Higher Education (ASCES), as well as to analyze these results according to the variables of age, gender, prior information, and prior experience at the time when the questionnaire was applied. Materials and Methods: A multiplechoice, structured questionnaire was administered to students at three different time moments: at the beginningof the study, immediately after a lecture on tooth avulsion, and 3 months later in Caruaru, PE, Brazil. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Results showed that the knowledge of students at the beginning of the study was low. However, the mean number of correct answers increased significantly for all three groups of students immediately after the lecture; 3 months later, almost all classes still showed significantly higher mean results when compared to findings from the beginning of the study. Students with prior experience, or whohad received information previously, attained a significantly higher average of correct answers. Conclusion: The level of knowledge on tooth avulsion at the beginning of the study was low for the students of Physical Education and Nursing as compared to dental students. An increased amount of time devoted to theoretical and practical teaching activities on tooth avulsion during college and after graduation would be extremely important to consolidate such knowledge.

Complications of exodontia: A retrospective study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of various complications following routine exodontia performed using fixed protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 22,330 extractions carried out in 14,975 patients, aged between 14 and 82 years, who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, were evaluated for various complications. Results: The most common complications encountered were tooth fracture, trismus, fracture of cortical plates and dry socket. Wound dehiscence, postoperative pain and hemorrhage were encountered less frequently. Luxation of adjacent teeth, fracture of maxillary tuberosity, and displacement of tooth into adjacent tissue spaces were rare complications. Conclusion: The practice of exodontia inevitably results in complications from time to time. It is imperative for the clinician to recognize impending complications and manage them accordingly.

Oral and maxillofacial trauma in patients with epilepsy: prospective study based on an outpatient population / Trauma oral e maxilofacial em pessoas com epilepsia: estudo prospectivo com base ambulatorial

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by falls during epileptic seizures. METHOD: A prospective case-control study was carried out among patients recruited from both the Epileptic Outpatient Clinic and the Emergency Room of Hospital de Base during 2006. The study group was composed of patients with epilepsy that had been diagnosed by a specialist. Oral and maxillofacial trauma was diagnosed using a questionnaire together with physical and radiographic examinations. A control group was formed from non-epileptic relatives or neighbors of the patients. The two groups were compared with regard to the number and type of oral and maxillofacial trauma events suffered. Odds ratios with a 95 percent confidence interval, dependency analysis and the Pearson c² test were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 159 patients with epilepsy (91 males; 57.3 percent) and 68 control individuals (28 males; 41.1 percent) were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of oromaxillary trauma in the study and control groups were 23.9 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively. Generalized tonic-clonic, generalized and non-classified seizures were strongly associated with trauma. The commonest lesions were fractures of dental tooth crowns (32.9 percent), followed by tooth avulsion (7.6 percent), tooth luxation (5 percent) and fracturing of prostheses in edentulous patients (3.8 percent). CONCLUSION: This work shows that injuries to the face and teeth are statistically more common in patients with epilepsy than in the general population, and that individuals who suffer seizures without aura are the most affected.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação da epilepsia sobre as ocorrências de trauma dento-alveolar e maxilofacial causados por quedas. MÉTODO: Estudo caso-controle prospectivo foi conduzido no ambulatório de epilepsia e do Pronto Atendimento do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto-SP no ano de 2006. Pacientes do grupo caso foram diagnosticados pelo neurologista chefe (sênior) especialista em epilepsia e avaliados quanto ao trauma oral e maxilo-facial pelo pesquisador, por meio de questionário, exame clínico e radiográfico, por ordem de chegada. O grupo controle (GC) foi constituído incluindo indivíduos sem crises, que fossem familiares ou vizinhos próximos dos pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia. Intervalo de confiança 95 por cento, ODD, análise de dependência (ANADEP) e c² de Pearson foram utilizados para análise estatística e se adotou nível de significância de p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 159 pacientes com epilepsia, dos quais 91(57,3 por cento) masculinos e 68 do GC, dos quais 28 (41,1 por cento) masculinos. A frequência do trauma oro-maxilar em paciente com epilepsia foi 23,9 por cento e no GC foi de 4,4. As crises tônico-clônicas generalizadas, crises generalizadas e as não classificadas estão fortemente co-relacionadas ao trauma. Fraturas das coroas dentais (32,9 por cento), seguidas de avulsão dentária (7,6 por cento), luxação dentária (5 por cento) e fratura da prótese em pacientes edêntulos (3,8 por cento) foram as lesões mais encontradas. CONCLUSÃO: O trabalho mostra que os ferimentos na face e dentes são frequentes em pacientes com crises epilépticas quando comparados ao GC, sendo as pessoas com crises sem a aura as mais afetadas.

Luxation injuries in primary teeth: a retrospective study in children assisted at an emergency service

The purpose of this study was to analyze luxation injuries in children between the ages of 0 and 5 years treated at an emergency service department. A total of 1,703 records, corresponding to a period of 10 years at the Emergency Center of the Baby Clinic at Londrina State University, Brazil, were analyzed. The age, gender, etiologic factors, type of injury, injured teeth, treatment and time interval between injury and treatment were determined for each patient. Of the examined records, 409 patients met the study criteria and included a total of 679 injured teeth. Statistical analyses were carried out using the chi-square test with the level of significance set at 5 percent. Trauma incidence was higher in boys (57.0 percent) and in children less than two years of age (40.3 percent). Falling while walking or running was the most predominant etiologic factor (37.7 percent), and the most prevalent type of injury was subluxation (32.6 percent). Luxation injuries decreased with increasing age (p = 0.045). Treatment usually occurred within the first 1-15 days and was significantly associated with the type of trauma (p = 0.041). "Monitor only" was the treatment most frequently observed (74.0 percent). In conclusion, more luxation injuries were found in younger children, predominantly in boys. Falls resulting from walking or running were the etiologic factor most observed, with subluxation as the most common type of trauma. Treatment usually occurred within the first 15 days after the injury. Despite the severity of these injuries, "monitor only" was the eligible treatment.

Evaluation of care of dentoalveolar trauma

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of dental trauma treated at the specialized center of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, during a period of 2 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 647 patients were evaluated and treated between 2003 and 2005. Data obtained from each patient were tabulated and analyzed as to gender, age, etiology, time elapsed after the injury, diagnosis (type of trauma), and affected teeth. RESULTS: The results revealed that male individuals aged 7 to 13 years presented the highest prevalence of injury, and falling was the main causal factor. In most cases, the time elapsed between the accident and the first care ranged from 4 to 24 h. A total of 1,747 teeth were affected, with higher incidence of concussion/subluxation and coronal fracture, followed by lateral luxation and avulsion. The permanent maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. CONCLUSION: The frequency and causes of dentoalveolar trauma should be investigated for identification of risk groups, treatment demands and costs in order to allow for the establishment of effective preventive measures that can reduce the treatment duration and costs for both patients and oral health services.

Epidemiologic survey of traumatic dental injuries in children seen at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This epidemiologic survey aimed at assessing the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in children seen at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The records of a total of 111 children (aged 0 to 6 years) seen from 2004 to 2006 in the dental trauma clinic were surveyed, comprising a total of 201 traumatized primary teeth. Data pertaining to the child and to the trauma such as age, gender, etiology, teeth involved, type of traumatic injury, time elapsed between the trauma and seeking care, and the presence and kind of clinical and radiographic sequelae in the first visit were collected from the dental records. All variables studied were assessed by means of frequency analysis and the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of trauma was observed in boys (56.7 percent) and in the age group from 0-3 years (73.8 percent). The most affected teeth were the central incisors (84.7 percent) and the most common trauma etiology was a fall from the child's own height (63.0 percent). The supporting tissues were the most affected. Lateral luxation was the most frequent alteration observed (33.4 percent), followed by concussion (21.0 percent). Coronal discoloration (17.7 percent) and external resorption (18.3 percent) were, respectively, the most prevalent clinical and radiographic sequelae. Gender had no influence on the clinical (p = 0.54) and radiographic (p = 0.55) sequelae. Even though age had no influence on radiographic sequelae (p = 0.41), clinical sequelae were more prevalent in children aged 0 to 3 years (p = 0.03). In conclusion, traumatisms in primary teeth were more prevalent in boys, and in 0-3-year-old children. Luxation was the most frequent traumatic lesion, and coronal discoloration and external resorption were the most prevalent sequelae.

Estudio descriptivo de traumatismo dentoalveolar en pacientes atendidos en hospitales del Servicio de Salud de la V Región, año 2000 / A descriptive study of dentoalveolar trauma in patients assissted in 5th Region Health Service Hospitals, year 2000

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de traumatismo dentoalveolar (TDA) en pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Emergencia de dos hospitales de la V Región de Chile, el hospital Carlos Van Buren (HVB) y el hospital Gustavo Fricke (HGF), durante el período comprendido entre el día 1§ de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2000. Se investigaron y registraron los antecedentes relacionados con sexo, edad del paciente en el momento de la lesión, exámenes complementarios, diagnóstico, tipo de diente, tratamiento y etiología de los TDA. Los pacientes hombres sufrieron más TDA (64 por ciento para el HVB y 67 por ciento en el HGF) que las mujeres (36 por ciento y 33 por ciento respectivamente). Los pacientes entre 0 a 10 años exhibieron el número más alto de lesiones (197 casos en HVB y 72 casos en HGF), seguidos por los de 10 a 20 años (112 casos en HVB y 72 casos en HGF). La mayoría de las lesiones afectaron a los dientes incisivos centrales superiores, tanto en la dentición temporal como en la definitiva. Los tests de chi-cuadrado determinaron que sí existiría relación entre la edad del paciente y el diagnóstico, entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento (p<0,05) y no entre el sexo y el diagnóstico, ni entre la etiología y el tratamiento (p>0,05)

Factores de riesgo en los traumatismos dentarios de niños y adolescentes / Risk factors in dental trauma in children and adolescents

Los traumatismos dentarios en niños y adolescentes constituyen, por su prevalencia y compromiso, uno de los capítulos más complejos de la odontología infantojuvenil. Su manejo comprende no sólo el abordaje de la biología y patología odontológica, sino también un análisis de los factores de riesgo vinculados a las características evolutivas de esas etapas de crecimiento y desarrollo físico y emocional

Prevalência de traumas em dentes anteriores num serviço de urgência odontológica / Traumas prevalence in anterior teeth in a odontological urgency service

Os traumatismos em dentes anteriores sao situaçöes emergenciais bastante diversificadas e frequentes na clínica odontológica. Deste modo, é importante que o cirurgiäo dentista tenha conhecimento dos tipos de traumatismos que mais acometem dentes anteriores, bem como a faixa etária e o sexo mais atingidos e os tratamentos mais indicados, a fim de facilitar o diagnóstico e tornar o manejo mais adequado e seguro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de traumatismos dentários no Setor de Urgência Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - USP de 1983 a 1989 e comparar com a literatura pertinente. Para isso a prevalência dos diferentes tipos de traumatismos dentários foi avaliada, utilizando-se os registros contidos em 121 prontuários.